Strand 1.1: SEASONS AND SPACE PATTERNS
Seasonal patterns of motion of the Sun, Moon, and stars can be observed, described, and predicted. These patterns may vary depending on the region, location, or time of year.

„ Standard 1.1.1 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the movement
of the Sun, Moon, and stars to describe predictable patterns.  (ESS1.A)

„ Standard 1.1.2 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the patterns
observed at different times of the year to relate the amount of daylight to
the time of year.  (ESS1.B)

„ Standard 1.1.3 Design a device that measures the varying patterns of daylight. Define
the problem by asking questions and gathering information, convey designs
through sketches, drawings, or physical models, and compare and test
designs. (ESS1.B, ETS1.A, ETS1.B, ETS1.C)

Strand 1.2: THE NEEDS OF LIVING THINGS AND THEIR OFFSPRING

Living things (plants and animals, including humans) depend on their surroundings to get what they need, including food, water, shelter, and a favorable temperature. Plants and animals have external features that allow them to survive in a variety of environments. Young plants and animals are similar but not exactly like their parents. In many kinds of animals, parents and offspring engage in behaviors that help the offspring to survive.

„ Standard 1.2.1 Plan and carry out an investigation to determine the effect of sunlight and water on plant growth. Emphasize investigations that test one variable at a time. (LS1.C)

„ Standard 1.2.2 Construct an explanation by observing patterns of external features of living things that survive in different locations. Emphasize how plants and nonhuman animals, found in specific surroundings, share similar physical characteristics. (LS1.A, LS1.D)

„ Standard 1.2.3 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the patterns of plants and nonhuman animals that are alike, but not exactly like, their parents. (LS3.A, LS3.B)

„ Standard 1.2.4 Construct an explanation of the patterns in the behaviors of parents and offspring which help offspring to survive. (LS1.B)

Strand 1.3: LIGHT AND SOUND

Sound can make matter vibrate, and vibrating matter can make sound. Objects can only be seen when light is available to illuminate them. Some objects give off their own light. Some materials allow light to pass through them, others allow only some light to pass through them, and still others block light and create a dark shadow on the surface beyond them where the light cannot reach. Mirrors can be used to redirect light. People use a variety of devices that may include sound and light to communicate over long distances.

„ Standard 1.3.1 Plan and carry out an investigation to show the cause and effect relationship between sound and vibrating matter. Emphasize that vibrating matter can make sound and that sound can make matter vibrate. (PS4.A)

„ Standard 1.3.2 Use a model to show the effect of light on objects. Emphasize that objects can be seen when light is available to illuminate them or if they give off their own light. (PS4.B)

„ Standard 1.3.3 Plan and carry out an investigation to determine the effect of materials in the path of a beam of light. Emphasize that light can travel through some materials, can be reflected off some materials, and some materials block light causing shadows. (PS4.B)

„ Standard 1.3.4 Design a device in which the structure of the device uses light or sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance. Define the problem by asking questions and gathering information, convey designs through sketches, drawings, or physical models, and compare and test designs.(PS4.C, ETS1.A, ETS1.B, ETS1.C)